Alterations of Hematological Profile in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview

Authors

Basim A. Abd, Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon Province, IraqFollow
Hussein Naji Al-Shammari, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon Province, IraqFollow
Ban Adnan Shamki, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Babylon, Hillah, Babylon Province, IraqFollow

Document Type

Review

Keywords

COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now prevalent around the world and has been accountable for a significant number of fatalities and disability. An extensive summary of the changes in hematological profiles seen in COVID-19-infected patients is given in this review.

The symptoms of COVID-19 range from moderate or undetectable to life-threatening respiratory distress and multiple organ dysfunction. The importance of hematological discrepancies as biomarkers of illness degree of severity, clinical course, and outcome becoming increasingly appreciated. Increased neutrophils, reduced lymphocytes, and raised C-reactive protein are typical initial laboratory findings.

Elevated D-Dimer levels are linked to dysfunctional coagulation such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which can predict mortality and represent the severity of the condition. In severe cases, anemia of inflammation is common, with reduced hemoglobin and high ferritin.

Prognostication is aided by biochemical markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ferritin, and C-reactive protein. Blood group types may also affect a human being's susceptibility to infection.

Real-time "reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serology tests are the mainstays of diagnostic testing in laboratories. Low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant prophylaxis is advised to reduce thrombotic consequences, taking into account the distinctive characteristics of each patient.

In conclusion, accurate diagnosis, risk identification, and therapeutic intervention of afflicted persons depend on an awareness of the hematological symptoms of COVID-19. It is necessary to conduct additional studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms and improve treatment approaches in this dynamic COVID-19 pandemic environment.

How to Cite This Article

Abd, Basim A.; Al-Shammari, Hussein Naji; and Shamki, Ban Adnan (2024) "Alterations of Hematological Profile in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An Overview," Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science: Vol. 2: Iss. 4, Article 6.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.62445/2958-4515.1041