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Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Document Type

Review

Keywords

Diabetes disorder, Diabetic nephropathies, Biomarkers, Albuminuria

Abstract

The condition of diabetic renal disease is the most prevalent manifestation of chronic kidney disease and renal failure worldwide. It acts as the major diabetes complication and is characterized by the excretion of abnormal urinary albumin, impairment of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and diabetic glomerular renal lesions. It is also associated with microvascular complications in diabetes mellitus.

The exact pathogenesis is complicated and unexplained. The pathogenesis pathways initiated and sustained in the kidney by increased glucose levels. They are enhanced by numerous different factors that involve several metabolic variables (excess of carbonyl, fatty acids, and oxidative stress) and hemodynamic variables such as transmitted systemic hypertension-induced shear stress, autoregulation damage, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation with hyper and hypo-perfusion

Early diagnosis and intervention may delay the progression of the disorder. Recently, various biochemical indicators have been linked to diabetic nephropathy, which were essential for predicting the progression and incidence of the diabetic disease. The simultaneous evaluation of several biomarkers concerning microalbuminuria is a method for diagnosing the primary phases of diabetic kidney disease. The major progress in the invention of novel biomarkers might eventually result in the development of "the ideal" biomarker for the future to detect the early phase of diabetic nephropathy. The current study emphasizes identifying early biomarkers correlated to the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and alteration in renal function. The review aims to update the information on biomarkers for the diagnosis and identification of diabetic kidney disease.

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