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Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Corresponding Author

Saad Kadhim Taher Yahya

Document Type

Original Study

Keywords

Celiac disease, Oxidative stress, Antioxidants, Gluten-free diet, Inflammation, Malondialdehyde

Abstract

Background: Intake of gluten activates the immune system in CD patients resulting in tissue damage to their digestive system.

Objectives: The oxidative stress status as well as antioxidant defense mechanisms in persons with CD and non-CD individuals while evaluating gluten-free dietary impact.

Methods: A total of 100 CD patients along with 100 healthy participants received inclusion for this study. The laboratory analysis determined oxidative stress through MDA, AOPP, and 8-OHdG examinations of bloodstream markers. The study measured antioxidant defenses using FRAP and TEAC techniques to examine SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC. Tissue examination and blood tests were used to measure CD severity both before and six months into the GFD treatment.

Results: Patients with CD exhibited elevated oxidative stress levels compared to controls because their MDA reached 4.8 vs. 3.2 nmol/L whereas their AOPP reached 72.5 vs. 50.1 μmol/L and their 8-OHdG reached 5.3 vs. 3.1 ng/mL. The levels of antioxidant enzymes were below normal range in CD patients as measured by SOD at 2.1 U/mL compared to 3.5 U/mL, CAT at 28.3 U/mL versus 42.1 U/mL and GPx at 38.7 U/mL compared to 55.2 U/mL (p < 0.001). CD patients exhibited decreased levels of antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP values which amounted to 520 μmol/L while controls exhibited 730 μmol/L. Disease severity showed significant correlation with MDA (0.68) along with AOPP (0.55) and 8-OHdG (0.61). The patients who followed the GFD for six months showed reduced oxidative stress and higher antioxidant enzyme activities with statistical significance.

Conclusion: Rising oxidative stress during CD advancement results from reduced antioxidant mechanisms in the body. The monitoring of oxidative stress allows medical professionals to determine disease severity. A gluten-free diet acts as cellular protection which extends its therapeutic value above symptom management.

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