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Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Document Type

Original Study

Keywords

Escherichia coli, Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Phylogroups, Quadruplex PCR, UTIs

Abstract

Background: Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains have been classified into eight distinct phylogenetic clusters as per a novel quadruplex PCR method. However, the exact phylogenetic relationship among these bacterial lineages is still uncertain. Objectives: The current study employed the Clermont phylotyping method to enhance the understanding of phylogenetic clusters of E. coli and evaluate antibiotic resistance in uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) strains in Iraq. Materials and Methods: A total of forty-two UPEC isolates were evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility using a disk diffusion test, while the innovative Clermont phylotyping method was employed for the phylogenetic classification of the isolates. Results: The results showed that different phylogroups were found at the hospitals in Babylon Governorate, Iraq. Phylogroup B2 was the most common, accounting for 47.61% of the samples. It was followed by Clade I (14.28%), B1 (11.90%), A (9.52%), D (4.76%), C (2.38%), and an unidentified phylogroup (9.52%). Furthermore, 37 (88.09%) and 5 (11.90%) of the 42 uropathogenic E. coli isolates under study exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensive drug resistance (XDR), respectively. There are many MDR and XDR UPEC isolates within phylogroup B2, as evidenced by the fact that MDR and XDR strains within the group accounted for 17 out of 37 cases (45.24%) and 3 out of a total of 5 cases (60%), respectively. Additionally, two new phylogroups were discovered, called C and clade I, which are connected to cryptic E. coli and E. coli sensu stricto, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, more research must be done to better understand the characteristics of antibiotic resistance as well as the prevalence of various phylogroups in Iraq.

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