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Hilla University College Journal For Medical Science

Document Type

Original Study

Keywords

Gingivitis, pH, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Saliva

Abstract

Background: Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gums often caused by bacterial infections related to dental plaque, which forms a biofilm on teeth and influences oral health. The microbial composition in the mouth changes with environmental factors and pH fluctuations, impacting conditions like gingivitis, dental caries, and periodontitis. Saliva plays a crucial role in maintaining oral pH, buffering acids, and containing antimicrobial agents. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), prevalent in the oral cavity, might affect periodontal health and systemic conditions. Objectives: The study aimed to explore the connection between salivary pH levels and the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in individuals with gingivitis compared to healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: A total of 90 participants (60 gingivitis cases and 30 healthy controls) were recruited from the Dental Specialized Center (Babylon) and the University of Babylon College of Dental. Saliva samples were collected and processed for pH measurement using pH test strips. EBV detection was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the BNLF2a gene.

Results: The mean of pH values was 6.7 ± 0.78 for gingivitis patients and 7.1 ± 0.84 for controls, with no significant difference (p = 0.074). EBV was detected in all samples from both groups (patients and control), confirming a 100% prevalence. Gel electrophoresis revealed distinct 121-bp bands of BNLF2a for EBV-specific PCR products in all samples.

Conclusion: This suggests a more acidic salivary pH may be associated with poorer periodontal health; the relationship is complex and not solely dependent on pH levels. The study findings on the prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in both gingivitis patients and control samples emphasize the need to consider viral factors in periodontal disease.

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